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The Romano-British responded by appealing to the Roman commander of the Western empire, Magister militium Aetius, for help (a document known as the Groans of the Britons), even though Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor, had written to the British civitas in or about 410 telling them to look to their own defence.
The Making of British History, Routledge, 1995 ISBN 978-0-41513-041-7; Hugh Kearney, The British Isles: A History of Four Nations, Cambridge University Press, 2006 (2nd edition) ISBN 978-0-521-84600-4; Richard S. Lambert, The Great Heritage: a History of Britain for Canadians, House of Grant, 1964 (and earlier editions and/or printings)
Before 400, the Roman sources used the term Saxons to refer to coastal raiders who had been causing problems on the coasts of the North Sea. In what is now south-eastern England the Romans established a military commander who was assigned to oversee a chain of coastal forts which they called the Saxon shore. [3]
Southern British tribes before the Roman invasion. In common with other regions on the edge of the empire, Britain had enjoyed diplomatic and trading links with the Romans in the century since Julius Caesar's expeditions in 55 and 54 BC, and Roman economic and cultural influence was a significant part of the British late pre-Roman Iron Age, especially in the south.
Following the conquest of the Britons, a distinctive Romano-British culture emerged as the Romans introduced improved agriculture, urban planning, industrial production, and architecture. The Roman goddess Britannia became the female personification of Britain. After the initial invasions, Roman historians generally only mention Britain in passing.
Before the Romans came to Britain, and with them the advent of written records of the region, the majority of Britain was Celtic. How and when these peoples arrived in the British Isles is a matter of much conjecture; see Celtic settlement of Great Britain and Ireland for more details.
The La Tène style, which covers British Celtic art, was late arriving in Britain, but after 300 BC the Ancient British seem to have had generally similar cultural practices to the Celtic cultures nearest to them on the continent. There are significant differences in artistic styles, and the greatest period of what is known as the "Insular La ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 January 2025. Archipelago in north-western Europe This article is about the geographical archipelago. For those parts under British sovereignty, see British Islands. British Isles Other native names Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór (Irish) Ynysoedd Prydain (Welsh) Enesow Bretennek (Cornish) Eileanan ...