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Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacilliform bacteria of class Alphaproteobacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel.
A second method of growing Rickettsia prowazekii was discovered using the yolk sac of chick embryos. Germans tried several times to use this technique of growing Rickettsia prowazekii but no effort was pushed very far. [38] The last technique was an extended development of the previously known method of growing murine typhus in rodents. [38]
Signs and symptoms of scrub typhus usually start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected. These symptoms include fever, headaches, chills, swollen lymph nodes, nausea/vomiting, and a rash at the site of infection called an eschar. More severe symptoms may damage the lungs, brain, kidney, meninges, and heart. [12]
Apart from humans, flying squirrels are the only currently known reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii. [3] See also. Brill–Zinsser disease; List of cutaneous conditions;
However, scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to Orientia tsutsugamushi. [ citation needed ] Examples of rickettsioses include typhus , both endemic and epidemic, Rocky Mountain spotted fever , and Rickettsialpox .
Scrub typhus - caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly classified as a Rickettsia), this disease is transmitted by chigger bites and is common in parts of Asia and the Pacific. Typhus - there are different types of typhus, including epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii (transmitted by lice) and murine typhus caused by Rickettsia ...
Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme Disease, is transmitted by ticks and members of the bacterial genus Rickettsia are transmitted by lice. For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus.
Brill–Zinsser disease is a delayed relapse of epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii.After a patient contracts epidemic typhus from the fecal matter of an infected louse (Pediculus humanus), the rickettsia can remain latent and reactivate months or years later, with symptoms similar to or even identical to the original attack of typhus, including a maculopapular rash.