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Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction .
Instrumental convergence is the hypothetical tendency for most sufficiently intelligent, goal-directed beings ... A reinforcement-learning [c] version of AIXI, ...
An "instrumental rationalist" is a decision expert whose response to seeing a man engaged in slicing his toes [the man’s value rational fact-free end] with a blunt knife [the man’s instrumental value-free means] is to rush to advise him that he should use a sharper knife to better serve [instrumentally] his evident [value rational] objective.
Avoidance learning is a type of operant conditioning (also known as instrumental conditioning). Active avoidance, passive avoidance, and escape responses.
Instrumental value is the criterion of judgment which seeks instrumentally-efficient means that "work" to achieve developmentally-continuous ends. This definition stresses the condition that instrumental success is never short term; it must not lead down a dead-end street.
Operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, a form of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences Social conditioning, operant conditioning training individuals to act in a society; Evaluative conditioning, a form of learning in which attitude towards one stimulus is learnt by its pairing with a second stimulus
In philosophy of science and in epistemology, instrumentalism is a methodological view that ideas are useful instruments, and that the worth of an idea is based on how effective it is in explaining and predicting natural phenomena.
Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS, also known as a "cue") that has been associated with rewarding or aversive stimuli via classical conditioning alters motivational salience and operant behavior.