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A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm . [3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder . [ 1 ] Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury.
Among proximal fractures, 80% are one-part, 10% are two-part, and the remaining 10% are three- and four-part. [22] The most common location of proximal fractures is at the surgical neck of the humerus. [3] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. [11]
One possible long-term consequence result of a rotator cuff tear is called proximal humeral head migration, this is where the "ball" of the shoulder joint rests higher in the shoulder joint "socket" disrupting normal shoulder mechanics. [89] Only tear size is an independent predictor of humeral migration.
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Injury of axillary nerve (axillary neuropathy) is a condition that can be associated with a surgical neck of the humerus fracture.. It can also be associated with a dislocated shoulder [1] or with traction injury to the nerve, which may be caused by over-aggressive stretching or blunt trauma that does not result in fracture or dislocation. [2]
An anatomical classification may begin with specifying the involved body part, such as the head or arm, followed by more specific localization. Fractures that have additional definition criteria than merely localization often may be classified as subtypes of fractures, such as a Holstein-Lewis fracture being a subtype of a humerus fracture ...
Olecranon fractures are rare in children, constituting only 5 to 7% of all elbow fractures. This is because in early life, olecranon is thick, short and much stronger than the lower extremity of the humerus. [5] However, olecranon fractures are a common injury in adults. This is partly due to its exposed position on the point of the elbow.
The distal attachment of the annular ligament covering the radial head is weaker in children than in adults, allowing it to be more easily torn. The older child will usually point to the dorsal aspect of the proximal forearm when asked where it hurts. This may mislead one to suspect a buckle fracture of the proximal radius. [2]