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The maximum principle enables one to obtain information about solutions of differential equations without any explicit knowledge of the solutions themselves. In particular, the maximum principle is a useful tool in the numerical approximation of solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations and in the determination of bounds for the ...
Generalizing the maximum principle for harmonic functions which was already known to Gauss in 1839, Eberhard Hopf proved in 1927 that if a function satisfies a second order partial differential inequality of a certain kind in a domain of R n and attains a maximum in the domain then the function is constant. The simple idea behind Hopf's proof ...
The lemma is an important tool in the proof of the maximum principle and in the theory of partial differential equations. The Hopf lemma has been generalized to describe the behavior of the solution to an elliptic problem as it approaches a point on the boundary where its maximum is attained.
In one of his earliest works, Nirenberg adapted Hopf's proof to second-order parabolic partial differential equations, thereby establishing the strong maximum principle in that context. As in the earlier work, such a result had various uniqueness and comparison theorems as corollaries. Nirenberg's work is now regarded as one of the foundations ...
The polyhex and the polyabolo, polygonal jigsaw puzzle pieces 1967 Jul: Of sprouts and Brussels sprouts, games with a topological flavor 1967 Aug: In which a computer prints out mammoth polygonal factorials: 1967 Sep: Double acrostics, stylized Victorian ancestors of today's crossword puzzle: 1967 Oct: Problems that are built on the knight's ...
In complex analysis, the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle (or method), first formulated by Lars Edvard Phragmén (1863–1937) and Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (1870–1946) in 1908, is a technique which employs an auxiliary, parameterized function to prove the boundedness of a holomorphic function (i.e, | | < ()) on an unbounded domain when an additional (usually mild) condition constraining the ...
A parabolic partial differential equation is a type of partial differential equation (PDE). Parabolic PDEs are used to describe a wide variety of time-dependent phenomena in, i.a., engineering science, quantum mechanics and financial mathematics. Examples include the heat equation, time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Black–Scholes ...
The former bound depends only on the spatial dimension, the equation, and the distance to the boundary; the latter depends on the smoothness of the boundary as well. The Schauder estimates are a necessary precondition to using the method of continuity to prove the existence and regularity of solutions to the Dirichlet problem for elliptic PDEs.