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Vacuum drying is the mass transfer operation in which the moisture present in a substance, usually a wet solid, is removed by means of creating a vacuum. In chemical processing industries like food processing , pharmacology, agriculture, and textiles, drying is an essential unit operation to remove moisture. [ 1 ]
Vacuum activities (or vacuum behaviours) are innate fixed action patterns (FAPs) of animal behaviour that are performed in the absence of a sign stimulus (releaser [broken anchor]) that normally elicit them. [1] This type of abnormal behaviour shows that a key stimulus is not always needed to produce an activity. [2]
Dielectric drying (radiofrequency or microwaves being absorbed inside the material) is the focus of intense research nowadays. It may be used to assist air drying or vacuum drying. Researchers have found that microwave finish drying speeds up the otherwise very low drying rate at the end of the classical drying methods.
A characteristic operation for a vacuum oven is the activation or regeneration of molecular sieves. [1] [2] Vacuum furnaces are related devices that operate at much higher temperatures and much lower pressures. The acetylacetonate complex Mn(acac) 2 is obtained by vacuum drying the yellow dihydrate Mn(acac) 2 (H 2 O) 2. [3]
A vacuum desiccator (left) and desiccator (right). Silica gel with cobalt chloride indicator placed in the lower shelf is used as the desiccant.. A desiccator is a heavy glass or plastic container, now somewhat antiquated, used in practical chemistry for drying or keeping small amounts of materials very dry.
Vacuum engineering is the field of engineering that deals with the practical use of vacuum in industrial and scientific applications. Vacuum may improve the productivity and performance of processes otherwise carried out at normal air pressure, or may make possible processes that could not be done in the presence of air.
Freeze-drying is a special form of drying that removes all moisture and has less effect on the taste of food than normal dehydration. Freeze drying is a water removal process commonly used to preserve pear material. The fruit is placed in a vacuum chamber at low heat to increase shelf life.
Vacuum pump and bell jar for vacuum experiments, used in science education during the early 20th century, on display in the Schulhistorische Sammlung ('School Historical Museum'), Bremerhaven, Germany. A vacuum (pl.: vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective vacuus (neuter vacuum) meaning "vacant ...