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The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), [1] also known by the names French artichoke, globe artichoke, and green artichoke in the United States, [2] is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom.
The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus / ˈ s ɪ n ər ə k ɑːr ˈ d ʌ n k j ʊ l ə s /), [2] [3] also called the artichoke thistle, is a thistle in the family Asteraceae. It is a naturally occurring species that also has many cultivated forms , including the globe artichoke .
Jerusalem Artichoke Flowers by Claude Monet, 1880 Jerusalem artichokes were first cultivated by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas , though the exact native range of the species is unknown. Genome analysis has ruled out the common sunflower (also originating in the Americas) as an ancestor, and instead points to hybridization between the ...
Cynara is a genus of thistle-like perennial plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, northwestern Africa, and the Canary Islands. The genus name comes from the Greek kynara, which means "artichoke". [2] Among the better known species in this genus include:
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family and the subfamily Carduoideae. [5] Most of them are commonly known as thistles; [6] four of the best known genera are Carduus, [7] Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, [7] and Onopordum. [7] They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.
Commercially important plants in Asteraceae include the food crops Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Cichorium (chicory), Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke). [43] Plants are used as herbs and in herbal teas ...
Most plants are one metre in height when mature, but may vary according to locality and habitat from 0.35 to 2 metres (1 ft 2 in to 6 ft 7 in) in height. The "flowers" of P. cynaroides are actually composite flower heads (termed an inflorescence ) with a collection of flowers in the centre, surrounded by large colourful bracts, from about 120 ...
Commercially important plants in the Heliantheae include sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke. Many garden flowers are also in this group, such as Coreopsis, Cosmos, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Zinnia. Some authors separate Coreopsis and Cosmos into the Coreopsideae tribe. [1] In contrast to the benefits brought by the group, some are problematic weeds.