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Face Negotiation Theory: Face-Maintenance Framework. Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. [1] The theory posited "face", or self-image when communicating with others, [1] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across ...
Face" conceptualized as an individual's positive claim of social values in socializing contact was introduced into academia by Erving Goffman through his theories of "face" and "facework". [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] According to Brown and Levinson's assumption in politeness theory based on Goffman's "face", one's face is categorized into two ...
Experiences of face-saving and face-loss can influence one’s mood and self-esteem. [31] Moreover, people’s moods can be influenced by whether the face of those close to them are saved. [31] Findings also reveal that caring for others through saving face can have a positive impact on one’s interpersonal relationships with others. [31]
Personal construct psychology (PCP) is a theory of personality developed by the American psychologist George Kelly in the 1950s. Kelly's fundamental view of personality was that people are like naive scientists who see the world through a particular lens, based on their uniquely organized systems of construction, which they use to anticipate ...
The aim of Zuckerman and colleagues in developing the alternative five model was to identify the "basic" factors of personality. Zuckerman argued that basic factors have a biological-evolutionary basis as evidenced by comparable traits in non-human species, biological markers, and moderate heritability. [1]
Identity management theory (also frequently referred to as IMT) is an intercultural communication theory from the 1990s. It was developed by William R. Cupach and Tadasu Todd Imahori on the basis of Erving Goffman's Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior (1967).
Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic thinking, feeling, and behavior patterns. [3] Every person has their own "individual differences in particular personality characteristics" [3] that separate them from others. The overall study of personality focuses on two broad areas: understanding individual differences in ...
Identity negotiation refers to the processes through which people reach agreements regarding "who is who" in their relationships. Once these agreements are reached, people are expected to remain faithful to the identities they have agreed to assume. The process of identity negotiation thus establishes what people can expect of one another.