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In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus.The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.
Conch (US: / k ɒ ŋ k / konk, UK: / k ɒ n tʃ / kontch [1]), or conque, also known as a "seashell horn" or "shell trumpet", is a wind instrument that is made from a conch, the shell of several different kinds of sea snails. Their natural conical bore is used to produce a musical tone. Conch shell trumpets have been played in many Pacific ...
The maximum number of electrons in any shell is 2n 2, where n is the principal quantum number. The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is equal to 2(2 l + 1), where the azimuthal quantum number l is equal to 0, 1, 2, and 3 for s, p, d, and f subshells, so that the maximum numbers of electrons are 2, 6, 10, and 14 respectively.
Apertural view of an adult queen conch Lobatus gigas with the foot, eyes and snout visible A shell of a dead Florida crown conch Melongena corona inhabited by a hermit crab Conch ( US : / k ɒ ŋ k / konk , UK : / k ɒ n tʃ / kontch [ 1 ] ) is a common name of a number of different medium-to-large-sized sea snails .
In 1919, the American chemist Irving Langmuir elaborated on the Lewis's static model of the atom and suggested that all electrons were distributed in successive "concentric (nearly) spherical shells, all of equal thickness". [55] In turn, he divided the shells into a number of cells each of which contained one pair of electrons.
The number of valence electrons of an element can be determined by the periodic table group (vertical column) in which the element is categorized. In groups 1–12, the group number matches the number of valence electrons; in groups 13–18, the units digit of the group number matches the number of valence electrons. (Helium is the sole ...
This number tells the energy level of electrons in that shell (although there's other factors). Hydrogen and Helium, at lowest energy, have just one electron shell. Lithium through Neon (see periodic table) have two shells: two electrons in the first shell, and up to 8 in the second shell. Larger atoms have more shells.
Horagai (法 螺 貝) (or jinkai 陣 貝) are large conch shells, usually from Charonia tritonis, that have been used as trumpets in Japan for many centuries. The instrument, which has served a number of purposes throughout Japanese history, has been given a number of Japanese names depending on its function. Special schools still teach ...