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Permutation City asks whether there is a difference between a computer simulation of a person and a "real" person. It focuses on a model of consciousness and reality, the Dust Theory, similar to the Ultimate Ensemble Mathematical Universe hypothesis proposed by Max Tegmark.
The total mass of the interplanetary dust cloud is approximately 3.5 × 10 16 kg, or the mass of an asteroid of radius 15 km (with density of about 2.5 g/cm 3). [7] Straddling the zodiac along the ecliptic, this dust cloud is visible as the zodiacal light in a moonless and naturally dark sky and is best seen sunward during astronomical twilight.
The detection of electric dust charges by CDA [28] [29] provided means for contact-free detection and analysis of dust grains in space. This discovery led to the development of a trajectory sensor that allows us to determine the trajectory of a charged dust particle [ 30 ] [ 31 ] prior to impact onto an impact target.
The Charged Aerosol Release Experiment also known as CARE, is a project run by NASA which will use a rocket to release dust in the upper atmosphere to form a dusty plasma in space. [1] The clouds thus generated are intended to simulate naturally occurring phenomena called noctilucent clouds , which are the highest clouds in the atmosphere.
For stability, the cloud must be in hydrostatic equilibrium, which in case of a spherical cloud translates to = (), where () is the enclosed mass, is the pressure, () is the density of the gas (at radius ), is the gravitational constant, and is the radius. The equilibrium is stable if small perturbations are damped and unstable if they are ...
The visible-light (left) and infrared (right) views of the Trifid Nebula—a giant star-forming cloud of gas and dust located 5,400 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius Stars are thought to form inside giant clouds of cold molecular hydrogen — giant molecular clouds roughly 300,000 times the mass of the Sun ( M ☉ ) and 20 ...
For this reason, dust models are often employed in cosmology as models of a toy universe, in which the dust particles are considered as highly idealized models of galaxies, clusters, or superclusters. In astrophysics, dust models have been employed as models of gravitational collapse. Dust solutions can also be used to model finite rotating ...
In October 2018, the existence of the Kordylewski clouds was reported to have been confirmed by the Royal Astronomical Society, [2] [3] [4] even though, earlier, in 1992, the Japanese Hiten space probe, which passed through the Lagrange points to detect trapped dust particles, did not find an obvious increase in dust levels above the density in ...