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Like other gas-discharge lamps such as the very-similar mercury-vapor lamps, metal-halide lamps produce light by ionizing a mixture of gases in an electric arc.In a metal-halide lamp, the compact arc tube contains a mixture of argon or xenon, mercury, and a variety of metal halides, such as sodium iodide and scandium iodide. [7]
With HMI bulbs, color temperature varies significantly with lamp age. A new bulb generally will output at a color temperature close to 15,000 K during its first few hours. As the bulb ages, the color temperature reaches its nominal value of around 5600 K or 6000 K. With age, the arc length becomes larger as more of the electrodes burn away.
However, mercury-vapor lamps are falling out of favor and being replaced by sodium-vapor and metal-halide lamps. Metal-halide and ceramic metal-halide lamps can be made to give off neutral white light useful for applications where normal color appearance is critical, such as TV and movie production, indoor or nighttime sports games, automotive ...
For example, a high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube under 100 to 200 torr pressure, about 14% to 28% of atmospheric pressure; some automotive HID headlamps have up to 50 bar or fifty times atmospheric pressure. Metal halide lamps produce almost white light, and attain 100 lumen per watt light output. Applications include indoor lighting of ...
A metal halide lamp with a bipin cap. A bipin or bi-pin (sometimes referred to as two-pin, bipin cap or bipin socket) is a type of lamp fitting.They are included in the IEC standard "IEC 60061 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety".
A ceramic metal-halide lamp (CMH), also generically known as a ceramic discharge metal-halide (CDM) lamp, [1] is a type of metal-halide lamp that is 10–20% more efficient than the traditional quartz metal halide [2] and produces a superior color rendition (80-96 CRI). [3] Applications for these lamps include shop lighting, street lighting ...
Also within the bulb were metal sculptures coated with phosphors. These phosphors fluoresced when excited by glow discharge. Because glow discharge occurs readily at 110-120 volts AC, one could use these bulbs in standard household lamps in the United States. The phosphors used in the bulbs were somewhat brittle, necessitating care in handling.
High Pressure Mercury and Metal Halide Lamps – Y 2 O 2 S:Eu Red 626 nm – – Lamp – 3.5 MgO · 0.5 MgF 2 · GeO 2 :Mn Red 655 nm – – Lamp 3.5 MgO · 0.5 MgF 2 · GeO 2 :Mn Mg 5 As 2 O 11:Mn Red 660 nm – – High-pressure mercury lamps, 1960s – SrAl 2 O 7:Pb Ultraviolet 313 nm – – Special fluorescent lamps for medical use