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Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C 18 H 16 O 7.It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 [2] and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Curd and Robertson. [3]
Usnea is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss.
One of the most potent lichen antibiotics is usnic acid, as a result Usnea spp. are commonly used in traditional medicines. Usnea was used in the United States as a fungal remedy of the mouth, stomach, intestines, anus, vagina, nose, ear, and skin, and in Finland it was used to treat wounds, skin eruptions, and athlete's foot. [5]
Usnea sphacelata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae. It is found in both polar regions of Earth , as well as in southern and northern South America and in New Zealand.
Usnea strigosa has worldwide distribution. It is a common tree lichen in Eastern and Southeastern North America. It is a common tree lichen in Eastern and Southeastern North America. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Growing on a conifer in the hills north of Mount St. Helens, showing the leaf-like side-branches and pendent "stems", some of them several metres long. Dolichousnea longissima (syn. Usnea longissima), [2] [3] commonly known by the names old man's beard or Methuselah's beard lichen, is a fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.
Usnea hirta is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was one of 80 lichen species first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum . Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers transferred it to the genus Usnea in 1780. [ 2 ]
Usnea scabrida is a foliose lichen that grows from holdfasts on trees. [1] [2] It occurs in southwest Western Australia. [3] It is a very pale grayish-yellowish green, slender, pendant, branching from the base, unequally branching, and shrubby. [3] The cortex contains usnic acid, and the medulla contains scabrosins. [4]