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A girder (/ ˈ ɡ ɜːr d ər /) is a beam used in construction. [1] It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing flanges separated by a stabilizing web, but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to ...
The term binding joist is sometimes used to describe beams at floor level running perpendicular to the ridge of a gable roof and joined to the intermediate posts. Joists which land on a binding joist are called bridging joists. [3] [4] A large beam in the ceiling of a room carrying joists is a summer beam. A ceiling joist may be installed flush ...
I-beams are commonly made of structural steel but may also be formed from aluminium or other materials. A common type of I-beam is the rolled steel joist (RSJ), sometimes incorrectly rendered as reinforced steel joist. British and European standards also specify Universal Beams (UBs) and Universal Columns (UCs).
A rolled steel girder is a girder that has been fabricated by rolling a blank cylinder of steel through a series of dies to create the desired shape. These create standardized I-beam and wide flange beam [7] shapes up to 100 feet in length. A plate girder is a girder that has been fabricated by welding plates together to create the desired ...
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally across the beam's axis (an element designed to carry a load pushing parallel to its axis would be a strut or column). Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending , as loads produce reaction forces at the beam's support points and internal bending moments , shear ...
Steel joists and Joist Girders being erected. In structural engineering , the open web steel joist (OWSJ) is a lightweight steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of parallel chords and a triangulated web system, proportioned to span between bearing points.
In flooring construction, the rim joists sit on the sill plates; in deck construction, they are parallel to the support beams and sit on the beams or in some cases, cantilever away from the beams. A double thickness board in the position of a rim joist is called a flush beam and serves a dual purpose, providing primary support for the joist ...
The height of the ribs and beams should be 1 ⁄ 25 of the span between columns. [3] The width of the solid area around the column should be 1 ⁄ 8 of the span between columns. Its height should be the same as the ribs. [3] Diagram showing waffle slab rib and Beam Heights rule of thumb formulas.