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The Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic recited verse that promises allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. The first version was written in 1885 by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army officer in the Civil War who later authored a book on how to teach patriotism to children in public schools. [ 5 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] In 1892, Francis Bellamy ...
Francis Julius Bellamy (May 18, 1855 – August 28, 1931) was an American Christian socialist Baptist minister and author. [1] He is best known for writing the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.
The Bellamy salute is a palm-out salute created by James B. Upham as the gesture that was to accompany the Pledge of Allegiance of the United States of America, whose text had been written by Francis Bellamy.
September 17, 2008 marked the 17th year the Pledge Across America takes place, and it also marked 117 years since Francis Bellamy wrote and first recited the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.
Francis Bellamy (1855–1931), the author of the Pledge, was a Baptist minister, a well-known Christian socialist, and the cousin of Edward Bellamy, one of the most renowned socialists of the late 19th century.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment protects students from being compelled to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools. [1][2] Barnette overruled a 1940 decision on the same issue, Minersville School District v. Gobitis, in which the ...
The gesture and its identification with Roman culture were further developed in other neoclassic artworks. In the United States, a similar salute for the Pledge of Allegiance known as the Bellamy salute was created by Francis Bellamy in 1892.
The Court ruled that public schools could compel students—in this case, Jehovah's Witnesses —to salute the American flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance despite the students' religious objections to these practices. [1] This decision led to increased persecution of Witnesses in the United States.