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Subsurface utility engineering (SUE) refers to a branch of engineering that involves managing certain risks associated with utility mapping at appropriate quality levels, utility coordination, utility relocation design and coordination, utility condition assessment, communication of utility data to concerned parties, utility relocation cost estimates, implementation of utility accommodation ...
Borehole radars utilizing GPR are used to map the structures from a borehole in underground mining applications. Modern directional borehole radar systems are able to produce three-dimensional images from measurements in a single borehole. [8] One of the other main applications for ground-penetrating radars is for locating underground utilities.
Utility locating is the process of identifying and labeling public utility mains that are underground. These mains may include lines for telecommunication , electricity distribution , natural gas , cable television , fiber optics , traffic lights , street lights , storm drains , water mains , and wastewater pipes.
Different cable locators employ different methods to function. The two known methods, Passive Utility Detection locating naturally present or naturally produced signals known as a passive signal. The other is to locate a signal that is applied AKA an Active signal , [7] are called the Passive Utility Detection and Active Utility Detection.
Subsurface Utilities are the utility networks generally laid under the ground surface. These utilities include pipeline networks for water supply, sewage disposal, petrochemical liquid transmission, petrochemical gas transmission or cable networks for power transmission, telecom data transmission, any other data or signal transmission.
2oo2D – Two out of two voting with additional diagnostic detection capabilities (instrumentation) 2oo3 – Two out of three voting (instrumentation) 2ooN detection – to reach specified alarm limit when N ≥ 3 (instrumentation) 2P – proved and probable reserves; 3C – three components seismic acquisition (x, y, and z)
Detection and analysis of the geophysical signals forms the core of Geophysical signal processing. The magnetic and gravitational fields emanating from the Earth's interior hold essential information concerning seismic activities and the internal structure. Hence, detection and analysis of the electric and Magnetic fields is very crucial.
Counter-IED equipment are created primarily for military and law enforcement. They are used for standoff detection of explosives and explosive precursor components and defeating the Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) devices themselves as part of a broader counter-terrorism , counter-insurgency , or law enforcement effort.