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  2. Historical race concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_race_concepts

    The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...

  3. Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-modern_conceptions_of...

    Coloured terminology is occasionally found in Graeco-Roman ethnography [2] [3] and other ancient and medieval sources, but these societies did not have any notion of a white or pan-European race. [4] In Graeco-Roman society whiteness was a somatic norm , although this norm could be rejected and it did not coincide with any system of ...

  4. RACE encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_encoding

    RACE encoding is a method for encoding foreign languages that use non-English characters (Chinese, Japanese, etc.) in ASCII characters for storage in domain name system servers. [1] All names without non-English characters are unchanged. RACE codes are made up of digits, letters and dashes. [2]

  5. List of states during the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_during_the...

    In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery .

  6. Scientists Probed a Medieval Alchemist’s Artifacts ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/scientists-probed-medieval-alchemist...

    Scientists analyzed artifacts from Tycho Brahe’s lab and found tungsten, an element unknown in his time, rewriting our understanding of historical alchemy.

  7. List of common misconceptions about the Middle Ages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common...

    It is frequently asserted that medieval scholastic philosophers engaged in drawn out debates and discussions on how many angels could fit on the head of a pin or a needle. This story is used to highlight the inefficient and fruitless nature of medieval intellectual pursuits when they did happen. Nevertheless, the debates did not take place.

  8. Visigothic Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom

    The code was based almost wholly on Roman law, with some influence of Germanic law in rare cases. Among the eliminated old laws were the harsh laws against Jews. The Liber showed the old system of military and civil divisions in administration was changing, and dukes ( duces provinciae ) and counts ( comites civitatis ) had begun taking more ...

  9. IC code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_code

    IC codes refer to a police officer's visual assessment of the ethnicity of a person, and are used in the quick transmission of basic visual information, such as over radio. [4] They differ from self-defined ethnicity (SDE, or "18+1") codes, which refer to how a person describes their own ethnicity. [ 4 ]