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Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features, [4] including apical snouts with eosinophilic granules. H&E stain. Apocrine metaplasia is a reversible transformation of cells to an apocrine phenotype. It is common in the breast in the context of fibrocystic change. It is seen in women mostly over the age of 50 years.
Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features [3] H&E stain. Barrett's esophagus is an abnormal change in the cells of the lower esophagus, thought to be caused by damage from chronic stomach acid exposure. The following table lists some common tissues susceptible to metaplasia, and the stimuli that can cause the ...
Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features [5] H&E stain. The exact mechanism of the condition is not fully understood, though it is known to be tied to hormone level fluctuation; the condition usually subsides after menopause and is closely related to the menstrual cycle.
Micrograph showing apocrine-type metaplasia of the breast with typical oncocytes. [2] H&E stain. Oncocytes (left of image), as seen in a renal oncocytoma. H&E stain. An oncocyte is an epithelial cell characterized by an excessive number of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant acidophilic, granular cytoplasm. Oncocytes can be benign or malignant.
The lesions must also show that tumor cells have broken through their ducts of origin to invade adjacent tissue in at least one area. Most of the tumor cells (termed type A cells [15]) typically appear somewhat more irregular than normal apocrine gland cells.
These classifications are spindle cell, squamous cells, matrix-producing, carcinosarcoma, and MBC with osteoclastic giant cell. Another research group, Oberman et al., proposed a classification system consisting of spindle cell carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma with extensive squamous metaplasia, and invasive ductal carcinoma with ...
DCIS has been classified according to the architectural pattern of the cells (solid, cribriform, papillary, and micropapillary), tumor grade (high, intermediate, and low grade), or the presence or absence of comedo histology; [8] or, in the case of the apocrine cell-based in situ carcinoma, apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ, it may be ...
They lie between the basement membrane and glandular epithelium. Each cell consists of a cell body from which 4-8 processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Myoepithelial cells have contractile functions. They help in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and facilitate the movement of saliva in salivary ducts.