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Lightning-induced magnetic anomalies can be mapped in the ground, [121] [122] and analysis of magnetized materials can confirm lightning was the source of the magnetization [123] and provide an estimate of the peak current of the lightning discharge.
Typically, lightning discharges 30,000 amperes, at up to 100 million volts, and emits light, radio waves, x-rays and even gamma rays. [1] Plasma temperatures in lightning can approach 28,000 kelvins. Atmospheric electricity describes the electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet).
There are about 40,000 thunderstorms per day across the globe, generating roughly 100 lightning strikes per second, [1] which can be thought to charge the Earth like a battery. Thunderstorms generate an electrical potential difference between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere, mainly by means of lightning returning current to ground ...
Lightning currents have a very fast rise time, on the order of 40 kA per microsecond. Hence, although lightning is a form of direct current, conductors of such currents exhibit marked skin effect as with an alternating current, causing most of the currents to flow through the outer surface of the conductor. [32]
Lightning as an example of plasma present at Earth's surface: Typically, lightning discharges 30 kiloamperes at up to 100 megavolts, and emits radio waves, light, X- and even gamma rays. [36] Plasma temperatures can approach 30000 K and electron densities may exceed 10 24 m −3.
Top weather news for Friday, Feb. 14, 2025: A powerful storm system will bring a mix of snow, rain and severe weather to the central and eastern U.S. this weekend, impacting a … NBC Universal 20 ...
Snowfall patterns are shifting as the climate warms, with many regions already seeing declines. These shifts impact water supply, ecosystems, winter recreation and hydropower generation.
Global map of lightning frequency--strikes/km 2 /yr. The high lightning areas are on land located in the tropics. Areas with almost no lightning are the Arctic and Antarctic, closely followed by the oceans which have only 0.1 to 1 strikes/km 2 /yr. The map on the right shows that lightning is not distributed evenly around the planet. [5]