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Prerenal means the cause of kidney injury’s coming before, or upstream from the kidneys, due to reduced blood flow into the kidneys. The kidney’s job is to regulate what’s in the blood, things like removing waste, making sure electrolyte levels are steady, regulating the overall amount of water, and even making hormones - the kidneys do a ...
The causes of acute kidney injury are commonly categorized into prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal. Acute kidney injury occurs in up to 30% of patients following cardiac surgery. [ 22 ] Mortality increases by 60-80% in post-cardiopulmonary bypass patients who go on to require renal replacement therapy.
Prerenal azotemia is caused by a decrease in blood flow (hypoperfusion) to the kidneys. However, there is no inherent kidney disease. It can occur following hemorrhage, shock, volume depletion, congestive heart failure, adrenal insufficiency, and narrowing of the renal artery among other things. [1] The BUN:Cr in prerenal azotemia is greater ...
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [12] [13] is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, [14] generally characterized by oliguria (decreased urine production, quantified as less than 400 mL per day in adults, [15] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children or less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants); and fluid and ...
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is an umbrella term used in the medical field that defines disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby "acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other". [1] When one of these organs fails, the other may subsequently fail. [2]
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, [4] [5] (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [5] with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% [5] or 75% [4] of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.
In older adults, the most common cause of hydronephrosis is benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), or intrapelvic neoplasms such as prostate cancer. [ 4 ] Compression of one or both ureters can also be caused by other developmental defects not completely occurring during the fetal stage such as an abnormally placed vein, artery, or tumor.
Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option.
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