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Antimony is a chemical element; it has symbol Sb (from Latin stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb 2 S 3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl. [11]
Stibnite, sometimes called antimonite, is a sulfide mineral with the formula Sb 2 S 3.This soft grey material crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group. [6] It is the most important source for the metalloid antimony. [7]
Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (Bi 1−x Sb x) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios.. Some, in particular Bi 0.9 Sb 0.1, were the first experimentally-observed three-dimensional topological insulators, materials that have conducting surface states but have an insulating interior.
Its trihalides, antimony trifluoride, antimony trichloride, antimony tribromide, and antimony triiodide, like all pnictogen trihalides, each have trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry. The +3 oxidation state is bismuth's most common oxidation state because its ability to form the +5 oxidation state is hindered by relativistic properties on ...
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
Antimony (51 Sb) occurs in two stable isotopes, 121 Sb and 123 Sb. There are 37 artificial radioactive isotopes, the longest-lived of which are 125 Sb, with a half-life of 2.75856 years; 124 Sb, with half-life 60.2 days; and 126 Sb, with half-life 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour.
The table below is a summary of the key physical properties of the group 12 elements. ... antimony, bismuth, gold, iron, lead, mercury, ...
All six of the elements commonly recognised as metalloids have toxic, dietary or medicinal properties. [120] Arsenic and antimony compounds are especially toxic; boron, silicon, and possibly arsenic, are essential trace elements. Boron, silicon, arsenic, and antimony have medical applications, and germanium and tellurium are thought to have ...