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Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the environmental impacts of electricity generation. Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global warming potential (GWP) of energy sources through life-cycle assessment. These are usually sources of only electrical energy but sometimes sources of heat are evaluated. [1]
An emission intensity (also carbon intensity or C.I.) is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP).
The emissions information in eGRID include carbon dioxide (CO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), mercury (Hg), methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e). CO 2, CH 4, and N 2 O are greenhouse gases (GHG) that contribute to global warming or climate change.
In the context of GHG accounting, RECs are often used to adjust estimated Scope 2 emissions. In a typical case, a company would calculate its Scope 2 emissions using its electricity consumption and a grid emissions factor. Companies that purchase RECs can use them to lower the average emissions factors included in their inventories.
The Kaya identity is a mathematical identity stating that the total emission level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide can be expressed as the product of four factors: human population, GDP per capita, energy intensity (per unit of GDP), and carbon intensity (emissions per unit of energy consumed).
The growth rate from 1990 to 1999 averaged 1.1% per year. Between the years 2000–2009, growth in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning was, on average, 3% per year, which exceeds the growth estimated by 35 of the 40 SRES scenarios (34 if the trend is computed with end points instead of a linear fit). [20]
Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in 2023 were all higher than ever before. [6] Electricity generation, heat and transport are major emitters; overall energy is responsible for around 73% of emissions. [7] Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane.
Power plant emissions of mercury in the United States are thought to be about 50 tons per year in 2003, and several hundred tons per year in China. Power plant designers can fit equipment to power stations to reduce emissions. Coal mining practices in the United States have also included strip mining and removing mountain tops. Mill tailings ...