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  2. Mott insulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott_insulator

    In general, Mott insulators occur when the repulsive Coulomb potential U is large enough to create an energy gap. One of the simplest theories of Mott insulators is the 1963 Hubbard model. The crossover from a metal to a Mott insulator as U is increased, can be predicted within the so-called dynamical mean field theory.

  3. Metal–insulator transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal–insulator_transition

    Since then, these materials as well as others exhibiting a transition between a metal and an insulator have been extensively studied, e.g. by Sir Nevill Mott, after whom the insulating state is named Mott insulator. The first metal-insulator transition to be found was the Verwey transition of magnetite in the 1940s. [3]

  4. Variable-range hopping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-range_hopping

    Mott showed that the probability of hopping between two states of spatial separation and energy separation W has the form: ⁡ [] where α −1 is the attenuation length for a hydrogen-like localised wave-function. This assumes that hopping to a state with a higher energy is the rate limiting process.

  5. Bose–Hubbard model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Hubbard_model

    The Mott insulating phases are characterized by integer boson densities, by the existence of an energy gap for particle-hole excitations, and by zero compressibility. The superfluid is characterized by long-range phase coherence, a spontaneous breaking of the Hamiltonian's continuous U ( 1 ) {\displaystyle U(1)} symmetry, a non-zero ...

  6. Strongly correlated material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongly_correlated_material

    The perovskite structure of BSCCO, a high-temperature superconductor and a strongly correlated material.. Strongly correlated materials are a wide class of compounds that include insulators and electronic materials, and show unusual (often technologically useful) electronic and magnetic properties, such as metal-insulator transitions, heavy fermion behavior, half-metallicity, and spin-charge ...

  7. Resonating valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonating_valence_bond_theory

    In condensed matter physics, the resonating valence bond theory (RVB) is a theoretical model that attempts to describe high-temperature superconductivity, and in particular the superconductivity in cuprate compounds. It was first proposed by an American physicist P. W. Anderson and Indian theoretical physicist Ganapathy Baskaran in 1987.

  8. Optical lattice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_lattice

    However, a superfluid–Mott insulator transition [4] may occur, if the interaction energy between the atoms becomes larger than the hopping energy when the well depth is very large. In the Mott insulator phase, atoms will be trapped in the potential minima and cannot move freely, which is similar to the electrons in an insulator.

  9. Hubbard model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbard_model

    For example, the Hubbard model correctly predicts the existence of Mott insulators: materials that are insulating due to the strong repulsion between electrons, even though they satisfy the usual criteria for conductors, such as having an odd number of electrons per unit cell.