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Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election. As of January 2023, 21 countries have compulsory voting laws. [ 1 ]
The opposite of a mandatory defence is a voluntary defence, against an opponent who might offer greater revenue potential than a mandatory challenger. [1] Mandatory challengers are designated by the champion's sanctioning body; in boxing, the major sanctioning bodies are the WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO. The sanctioning bodies often order eliminators ...
In Austria, a mandatory referendum at the federal level is provided for in the event of an overall amendment to the federal constitution (Art. 44 para. 3 B-VG). An overall amendment to the constitution occurs when one or more of the construction principles of the constitution (democratic, federal, rule of law, separation of powers or liberal construction principle) are seriously changed. [2]
The opposite principle "everything which is not allowed is forbidden" states that an action can only be taken if it is specifically allowed. A senior English judge, Sir John Laws , stated the principles as: "For the individual citizen, everything which is not forbidden is allowed; but for public bodies, and notably government, everything which ...
The constitutionality of state pledge laws was confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1952 in Ray v. Blair [12] in a 5–2 vote. The court ruled states have the right to require electors to pledge to vote for the candidate whom their party supports, and the right to remove potential electors who refuse to pledge prior to the election.
In 1997, mandatory "three strikes" laws were introduced for property offences in the Northern Territory, which raised incarceration rates of Indigenous women by 223% in the first year. [36] [37] The mandatory sentencing laws caused controversy [38] and sparked debate due to the laws discriminative impacts on Indigenous Australians. [39]
Mustahabb (Arabic: مُسْتَحَبّ, lit. 'beloved thing') is an Islamic term referring to an action or thing that is recommended and favoured. Mustahabb actions are those whose ruling in Islamic law falls between mubah (neutral; neither encouraged nor discouraged) and wajib (compulsory).
This mandatory service is still executed to maintain the infrastructure of small communities. [41] [42] International conventions