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Category 5 cable that is partially stripped and showing its four twisted pairs (eight wires). Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for computer networks.Since 2001, the variant commonly in use is the Category 5e specification (Cat 5e).
Since common Category 5 cable has four pairs, it is possible to use the spare pairs (pins 4–5, 7–8) in 10- and 100-Mbit/s configurations for other purposes. The spare pairs may be used for power over Ethernet (PoE), for two plain old telephone service (POTS) lines, or for a second 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connection.
Cat-5: Energy-efficient Ethernet variant of 10BASE-T using a reduced amplitude signal over Category 5 cable, completely interoperable with 10BASE-T nodes. 10BASE-T1L: 802.3cg-2019 (146) IEC 63171-1, IEC 63171-6 1000 m Ethernet over a single twisted pair - long reach, for industrial applications 10BASE-T1S: 802.3cg-2019 (147) 25 m
The cable is known as Category (Cat) 5 or Cat 6. The cabling must be installed as a star wired configuration, that is the cabling runs from the point next to the modem, hub, or router uninterrupted up to the outlet next to the device that needs to be connected.
By reducing the original signal rate to 1 ⁄ 4 or 1 ⁄ 2, the link speed drops to 2.5 or 5 Gbit/s, respectively. [5] The spectral bandwidth of the signal is reduced accordingly, lowering the requirements on the cabling, so that 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T can be deployed at a cable length of up to 100 m on Cat 5e or better cables. [6] [7]
The standard specifies how to connect eight-conductor 100-ohm balanced twisted-pair cabling, such as Category 5 cable, to 8P8C modular connectors (often referred to as RJ45 connectors). The standard defines two alternative pinouts: T568A and T568B. ANSI/TIA-568 recommends the T568A pinout for horizontal cables.