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In this example, the original photograph is shown on left. The version on the right shows the effect of quantizing it to 16 colors and dithering using the 8×8 ordered dithering pattern. The characteristic 17 patterns of the 4×4 ordered dithering matrix can be seen clearly when used with only two colors, black and white.
Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software. For example when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format, which is restricted to a maximum of 256 colors.
Bayer is also known for his recursively defined matrix used in ordered dithering. Alternatives to the Bayer filter include both various modifications of colors and arrangement and completely different technologies, such as color co-site sampling, the Foveon X3 sensor, the dichroic mirrors or a transparent diffractive-filter array. [5]
The term dither was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after World War II. [1] [2] [nb 1] Though he did not use the term dither, the concept of dithering to reduce quantization patterns was first applied by Lawrence G. Roberts [4] in his 1961 MIT master's thesis [5] and 1962 article. [6]
Atkinson dithering is a variant of Floyd–Steinberg dithering designed by Bill Atkinson at Apple Computer, and used in the original Macintosh computer. Implementation
English: An illustration of dithering. Red and blue are the only colors used but, as the red and blue squares are made smaller, the patch appears purple. Red and blue are the only colors used but, as the red and blue squares are made smaller, the patch appears purple.
Most printers overlap the black dots slightly, so there is not an exact one-to-one relationship to dot frequency (in dots per unit area) and lightness.Tone scale linearization may be applied to the source image to get the printed image to look correct.
For example, a 16-bit ADC has a maximum signal-to-quantization-noise ratio of 6.02 × 16 = 96.3 dB. When the input signal is a full-amplitude sine wave the distribution of the signal is no longer uniform, and the corresponding equation is instead