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The logarithmic spiral of the nautilus shell is a classical image used to depict the growth and change related to calculus. Calculus is used in every branch of the physical sciences, [54]: 1 actuarial science, computer science, statistics, engineering, economics, business, medicine, demography, and in other fields wherever a problem can be ...
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems.Process calculi provide a tool for the high-level description of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes.
The book provides mathematical knowledge and skills for computer science, especially for the analysis of algorithms. According to the preface, the topics in Concrete Mathematics are "a blend of CONtinuous and disCRETE mathematics". Calculus is frequently used in the explanations and exercises.
In mathematical logic and computer science, the calculus of constructions (CoC) is a type theory created by Thierry Coquand. It can serve as both a typed programming language and as constructive foundation for mathematics. For this second reason, the CoC and its variants have been the basis for Coq and other proof assistants.
In theoretical computer science, the π-calculus (or pi-calculus) is a process calculus. The π -calculus allows channel names to be communicated along the channels themselves, and in this way it is able to describe concurrent computations whose network configuration may change during the computation.
In type theory, the general idea of a type system in computer science is formalized into a specific algebra of types. For example, when writing f : X → Y {\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y} , the intent is that X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} are types , while the arrow → {\displaystyle \to } is a type constructor , specifically, the ...
First-order logic—also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables.
Process Calculus for Spatially-Explicit Ecological Models (PALPS) is an extension of CCS with probabilistic choice, locations and attributes for locations [2] Java Orchestration Language Interpreter Engine (Jolie) [3] Models that have been used in the study of CCS-like systems: History monoid; Actor model