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Eumycetoma is a type of mycetoma caused by fungi, distinct from mycetoma caused by bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetes; [11] [12] both have similar clinical features. [ 15 ] The most common fungi causing white discharge is Scedosporium (ex. Pseudoalleschia) boydii .
Most eumycetoma is caused by M. mycetomatis, whereas most actinomycetoma is caused by N. brasiliensis, S. somaliensis, A. madurae, and Actinomadura pelletieri. [1] People who develop mycetoma likely have a weakened immune system. [1] It can take between 3 months to 50 years from the time of infection to first seeking healthcare advice. [1]
Madurella mycetomatis is a main cause of eumycetoma, [2] an infection of human extremities and rarely the nervous system, in arid regions of east Africa and Asia. The origin is soil and its dark agar colonies are often sterile, although sclerotia are often produced, and short chains of 1-celled conidia sometimes occur. [3]
Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin. [1] [7] Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. [3] Signs and symptoms range widely. [3]
In the United States, P. boydii is the most common causal agent of eumycetoma, and tends to be more common in men than in women, particularly in the 20- to 45-year-old age group. [10] In the United States, the incidence of infection by S. apiospermum between 1993 and 1998 was 0.82 per 100,000 patient-inpatient days; this figure increased to 1. ...
Species from Emarellia and Falciformispora are known to cause black-grain mycetoma in humans and mammals, the syndrome can lead to affected patients having limbs removed. Trematosphaeria grisea is a soil fungus that can cause leaf blotch diseases on plants including members of the Eucalyptus genera, in tropical and subtropical regions.
Infections frequently cause inflammation in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the skin, [8] [15] causing phaeomycotic cyst, [14] chromoblastomycosis [11] and can occasionally cause eumycetoma which is a chronic granulomatous disease in the form of black grains.
Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it. However, eumycetoma is caused by fungal infection in contrast to actinomycetoma that is caused by mostly anaerobic bacteria.