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var x1 = 0; // A global variable, because it is not in any function let x2 = 0; // Also global, this time because it is not in any block function f {var z = 'foxes', r = 'birds'; // 2 local variables m = 'fish'; // global, because it wasn't declared anywhere before function child {var r = 'monkeys'; // This variable is local and does not affect the "birds" r of the parent function. z ...
The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
In JavaScript, there are 7 primitive data types: string, number, bigint, boolean, symbol, undefined, and null. [19] Their values are considered immutable . These are not objects and have no methods or properties ; however, all primitives except undefined and null have object wrappers .
Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be ...
For containers, __len__ (the special method for determining the length of containers) is used if the explicit Boolean conversion method is not defined. In Ruby, in contrast, only nil (Ruby's null value) and a special false object are false; all else (including the integer 0 and empty arrays) is true.
strlen(string) Number of bytes C, PHP: string.length() C++ (STL) string.length: Cobra, D, JavaScript: string.length() Number of UTF-16 code units: Java (string-length string) Scheme (length string) Common Lisp, ISLISP (count string) Clojure: String.length string: OCaml: size string: Standard ML: length string: Number of Unicode code points ...
Most contemporary type systems go beyond JavaScript's simple type "function object" and have a family of function types differentiated by argument and return types, such as the type Int -> Bool denoting functions taking an integer and returning a Boolean. In C, a function is not a first-class data type but function pointers can be manipulated ...
In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking).