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  2. List of DOS commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands

    IF is a conditional statement, that allows branching of the program execution. It evaluates the specified condition, and only if it is true, then it executes the remainder of the command line. Otherwise, it skips the remainder of the line and continues with next command line. Used in Batch files. The command is available in MS-DOS versions 2 ...

  3. cmd.exe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMD_(Windows_command)

    On Windows XP or later, the maximum length of the string that can be used at the command prompt is 8191 (2 13-1) characters. On earlier versions, such as Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 , the maximum length of the string is 2047 (2 11 -1) characters.

  4. Batch file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_file

    Microsoft released a version of cmd.exe for Windows 9x and ME called WIN95CMD to allow users of older versions of Windows to use certain cmd.exe-style batch files. As of Windows 8, cmd.exe is the normal command interpreter for batch files; the older COMMAND.COM can be run as well in 32-bit versions of Windows able to run 16-bit programs.

  5. Environment variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable

    Similarly, changing or removing a variable's value inside a DOS or Windows batch file will change the variable for the duration of COMMAND.COMor CMD.EXE's existence, respectively. In Unix, the environment variables are normally initialized during system startup by the system init startup scripts , and hence inherited by all other processes in ...

  6. pushd and popd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushd_and_popd

    Both commands are available in FreeCOM, the command-line interface of FreeDOS. [8] In Windows PowerShell, pushd is a predefined command alias for the Push-Location cmdlet and popd is a predefined command alias for the Pop-Location cmdlet. Both serve basically the same purpose as the pushd and popd commands.

  7. Special folder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_folder

    Figure 1: Windows Explorer's folder view in Windows XP uses virtual folders as the root.. Windows uses the concept of special folders to present the contents of the storage devices connected to the computer in a fairly consistent way that frees the user from having to deal with absolute file paths, which can (and often do) change between operating system versions, and even individual ...

  8. Shell (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)

    Windows Shell provides desktop environment, start menu, and task bar, as well as a graphical user interface for accessing the file management functions of the operating system. Older versions also include Program Manager , which was the shell for the 3.x series of Microsoft Windows, and which in fact shipped with later versions of Windows of ...

  9. Windows shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shell

    Windows Desktop is a full-screen window rendered behind all other windows. It hosts the user's wallpaper and an array of computer icons representing: Files and folders: Users and software may store computer files and folders on Windows desktop. Naturally, on a newly installed version of Windows, such items do not exist.