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A powerful number is a positive integer m such that for every prime number p dividing m, p 2 also divides m.Equivalently, a powerful number is the product of a square and a cube, that is, a number m of the form m = a 2 b 3, where a and b are positive integers.
In mathematics, a prime power is a positive integer which is a positive integer power of a single prime number. For example: 7 = 7 1, 9 = 3 2 and 64 = 2 6 are prime powers, while 6 = 2 × 3, 12 = 2 2 × 3 and 36 = 6 2 = 2 2 × 3 2 are not. The sequence of prime powers begins:
n 4 = n × n × n × n. Fourth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its cube. Furthermore, they are squares of squares. Some people refer to n 4 as n tesseracted, hypercubed, zenzizenzic, biquadrate or supercubed instead of “to the power of 4”. The sequence of fourth powers of integers, known as biquadrates or tesseractic ...
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
A square has even multiplicity for all prime factors (it is of the form a 2 for some a). The first: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144 (sequence A000290 in the OEIS ). A cube has all multiplicities divisible by 3 (it is of the form a 3 for some a ).
The difference between any perfect square and its predecessor is given by the identity n 2 − (n − 1) 2 = 2n − 1.Equivalently, it is possible to count square numbers by adding together the last square, the last square's root, and the current root, that is, n 2 = (n − 1) 2 + (n − 1) + n.
Hensel's original lemma concerns the relation between polynomial factorization over the integers and over the integers modulo a prime number p and its powers. It can be straightforwardly extended to the case where the integers are replaced by any commutative ring, and p is replaced by any maximal ideal (indeed, the maximal ideals of have the form , where p is a prime number).
The binomial approximation for the square root, + + /, can be applied for the following expression, + where and are real but .. The mathematical form for the binomial approximation can be recovered by factoring out the large term and recalling that a square root is the same as a power of one half.