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For those with obstructive sleep apnea unable or unwilling to comply with first line treatment, the surgical intervention has to be adapted to an individual's specific anatomy and physiology, personal preference and disease severity. [114] Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with or without is the most common surgery for patients with obstructive sleep ...
Obstructive sleep apnea can affect people regardless of sex, race, or age. [32] However, risk factors include: [33] male sex [33] [34] [18] obesity [33] [34] age over 40 [33] large neck circumference [33] enlarged tonsils or tongue [33] narrow upper jaw [15] small lower jaw [34] tongue fat/tongue scalloping [15] a family history of sleep apnea [33]
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [1]
Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life. The condition can be fatal if untreated. CCHS was once known as Ondine's curse.
Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether.
[5] [15] In the 1960s, various further discoveries were made that led to the distinction between obstructive sleep apnea and sleep hypoventilation. [16] The term "Pickwickian syndrome" has fallen out of favor because it does not distinguish obesity hypoventilation syndrome and sleep apnea as separate disorders (which may coexist). [16] [17]