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In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave 's amplitude at an ...
The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at a port, represented by the lower case 's', is a similar measure of port match to return loss but is a scalar linear quantity, the ratio of the standing wave maximum voltage to the standing wave minimum voltage.
An SWR meter for CB radio equipment. A standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "I" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. [a] The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna).
The blue circle, centred within the chart, is sometimes called an SWR circle (short for constant standing wave ratio). The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the ratio of the amplitude of a single voltage wave to its current wave. Since most transmission lines also have a reflected wave, the characteristic impedance is generally ...
standing wave ratio A measure of impedance mismatch for transmission lines in microwave engineering; the ratio of peak amplitude of a standing wave to its minimum. star-mesh transform A mathematical technique used in circuit analysis. state observer In control theory, that which discovers and reports the internal state of a controlled system.
An impedance mismatch can be also quantified with the standing wave ratio (SWR or VSWR for voltage), which is connected to the impedance ratio and reflection coefficient by: = | | | | = + | | | |, where | | / are the minimum and maximum values of the voltage absolute value, and the VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio, which value of 1 ...
Standing wave ratio (SWR or VSWR) is a basic parameter and the one most commonly measured on a slotted line. This quantity is of particular importance for transmitter antennae. A high SWR indicates a poor match between the feed line and the antenna, which increases wasted power, can cause damage to components in the transmission path, possibly ...
Input port will mean the input port of the two-port. Output port will mean the output port of the two-port. Symmetric means a case where the source and load have equal impedance. Loss means the ratio of power entering the input port of the pad divided by the power absorbed by the load.