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The Russian economy was far too backward to sustain a major war, and conditions deteriorated rapidly, despite financial aid from Britain. By late 1915 there was a severe shortage of artillery shells. The very large but poorly equipped Russian army fought tenaciously and desperately despite its poor organisation and lack of munitions.
However, the army, ill-equipped and ill-prepared for a long battle, suffered a series of defeats in 1914 and 1915: the Empire suffered heavy human and territorial losses. Despite the restrictions on the international trade, Russia set up a war economy and won partial victories in 1916.
[1] [2] Steady economic growth began in the 1890s, alongside a structural transformation of the Russian economy. [1] By the time World War I started, more than half the Russian economy was still devoted to agriculture. [1] [4] By the early 20th century, the Russian economy had fallen further behind the American and British economies. [1]
Steady economic growth began in the 1890s, alongside a structural transformation of the Russian economy. [2] By the time World War I started, more than half the Russian economy was still devoted to agriculture. [2] By the early 20th century, the Russian economy had fallen further behind the American and British economies. [2]
[65] [66] Steady economic growth began in the 1890s, alongside a structural transformation of the Russian economy. [65] By the time World War I started, more than half the Russian economy was still devoted to agriculture. [65] [68] By the early 20th century, the Russian economy had fallen further behind the American and British economies. [65]
Russia’s economy is facing a “moment of truth” as high inflation, an ailing private sector, and critical shortages are poised to constrain Vladimir Putin’s war on Ukraine, according to ...
"The Russian Revolution: Broadening Understandings of 1917." History Compass 6.1 (2008): 243-262. Historiography online [dead link ] Gatrell, Peter. Russia's First World War: A Social and Economic History (2005). Gatrell, Peter. "Tsarist Russia at War: The View from Above, 1914–February 1917" Journal of Modern History 87#4 (2015) 668-700 ...
A people's tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. Penguin.) Food Shortages: The war effort put a strain on Russia's economy and resources, leading to widespread food shortages and famine, particularly in urban areas. (Sources: Grossman, L. (1999). The food crisis in pre-revolutionary Russia. Contributions in economics and economic history ...