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Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 OH. It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor. It occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils. It is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H 2 O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together with its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers. [7] It is also reportedly present in cranberries, grapes, chives, Scottish spearmint oil, cheeses, cognac, rum, white wine, cocoa, black tea, filbert, cloudberries, beans, mushrooms, and endives.
The Ziegler alcohol synthesis involves oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation. [2] The triethylaluminium is produced by action of aluminium, ethylene, and hydrogen gas. In the production process, two-thirds of the triethylaluminium produced is recycled back into the reactor, and only one-third is used to ...
It also maintains List I of chemicals and List II of chemicals, which contain chemicals that are used to manufacture the controlled substances/illicit drugs. The list is designated within the Controlled Substances Act [ 1 ] but can be modified by the U.S. Attorney General as illegal manufacturing practices change.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Manufacturing processes This section does not cite any sources.
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
When ethyl acrylate is used as a reactant, ethanol is formed; this forms with the ethyl acrylate an azeotrope of the composition ethanol/ethyl acrylate 72.7:26.3%, which boils at 77.5 °C under atmospheric pressure. [8] To achieve a high reaction yield, the ethanol is distilled off from the reaction mixture.
The reaction mechanism for this reaction has several steps: Proton transfer from acid catalyst to carbonyl oxygen increases electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon. The carbonyl carbon is then attacked by the nucleophilic oxygen atom of the alcohol; Proton transfer from the oxonium ion to a second molecule of the alcohol gives an activated complex