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Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Chloral tends to form adducts with water (to give chloral hydrate) and alcohols. Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid: Cl 3 CCHO + 2 C 6 H 5 Cl → Cl 3 CCH(C 6 H 4 Cl) 2 ...
It is a clear flammable liquid at room temperature, colorless when pure but often with a light yellow color. [1] [2] The pharmacological effects of this compound in humans are similar to those of its prodrug chloral hydrate, and of chlorobutanol. Historically, it has been used as a sedative hypnotic. [3]
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18-Crown-6 can be synthesized by the Williamson ether synthesis using potassium ion as the template cation. Structure of nickel-aquo nitrate complex of the ligand derived from the templated trimerization of 2-aminobenzaldehyde. [5] The phosphorus analogue of an aza crown can be prepared by a template reaction. [6]
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [ 2 ]
Chlorobutanol (trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) is an organic compound with the formula CCl 3 C(OH)(CH 3) 2.The compound is a chlorohydrin.The compound is a preservative, sedative, hypnotic and weak local anesthetic similar in nature to chloral hydrate.
Similarly, the conversion of chloral (Cl 3 C)HC =O to chloral hydrate is strongly favored by influence of the trichloromethyl group . In some cases, such as decahydroxycyclopentane and dodecahydroxycyclohexane , the geminal diol is stable while the corresponding ketone is not.