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This theorem is a consequence of the pigeonhole principle. Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet who proved the result used the same principle in other contexts (for example, the Pell equation) and by naming the principle (in German) popularized its use, though its status in textbook terms comes later. [2]
The Bunyakovsky conjecture generalizes Dirichlet's theorem to higher-degree polynomials. Whether or not even simple quadratic polynomials such as x 2 + 1 (known from Landau's fourth problem) attain infinitely many prime values is an important open problem. Dickson's conjecture generalizes Dirichlet's theorem to more than one polynomial.
Dirichlet's theorem may refer to any of several mathematical theorems due to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions; Dirichlet's approximation theorem; Dirichlet's unit theorem; Dirichlet conditions; Dirichlet boundary condition; Dirichlet's principle; Pigeonhole principle, sometimes also called Dirichlet ...
Based on his research of the structure of the unit group of quadratic fields, he proved the Dirichlet unit theorem, a fundamental result in algebraic number theory. [15] He first used the pigeonhole principle, a basic counting argument, in the proof of a theorem in diophantine approximation, later named after him Dirichlet's approximation theorem.
For example, π(10) = 4 because there are four prime numbers (2, 3, 5 and 7) less than or equal to 10. The prime number theorem then states that x / ln(x) is a good approximation to π(x), in the sense that the limit of the quotient of the two functions π(x) and x / ln(x) as x approaches infinity is 1:
In mathematics, Dirichlet's unit theorem is a basic result in algebraic number theory due to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. [1] It determines the rank of the group of units in the ring O K of algebraic integers of a number field K. The regulator is a positive real number that determines how "dense" the units are.
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The question of finding solutions to such equations is known as the Dirichlet problem. In the sciences and engineering, a Dirichlet boundary condition may also be referred to as a fixed boundary condition or boundary condition of the first type. It is named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859). [1]