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The Quantiferon-TB Gold test (QFT-G) is a whole-blood test for use as an aid in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) disease. [15] This test was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2005.
A 2007 before-after observational study found that use of the MTD test reduced inappropriate tuberculosis therapy. The study found the accuracy of the MTD test as follows: [8] Overall sensitivity 92%, specificity 99%. In Smear positive patients high sensitivity 99%, specificity 98%.
The former test quantitates the amount of IFN-γ produced in response to the ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are distinguishable from those present in BCG and most other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The latter test determines the total number of individual effector T cells expressing IFN-γ. [citation needed]
The Mantoux test is now standardised by the WHO. 0.1 ml of tuberculin (100 units/ml), which delivers a dose of 5 units is given by intradermal injection into the surface of the lower forearm (subcutaneous injection results in false negatives). A waterproof ink mark is drawn around the injection site so as to avoid difficulty finding it later if ...
T-SPOT.TB counts the number of antimycobacterial effector T cells, white blood cells that produce interferon-gamma, in a sample of blood.This gives an overall measurement of the host immune response against mycobacteria, which can reveal the presence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB).
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The first test is read 48–72 hours after injection. If the first test is positive, consider the person infected. If the first test is negative, give a second test one to three weeks after the first injection. The second test is read 48–72 hours after injection. If the second test is positive, consider the person infected in the distant past ...
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. [100] Those who have been previously immunized with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine may have a false-positive test result. [107] The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active ...