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Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula "RX" where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I). Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the ...
Alkylation is the addition of alkyl groups to molecules, often by alkylating agents such as alkyl halides. Alkylating antineoplastic agents are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons.
Examples of non-symmetrical pseudohalogen compounds (pseudohalogen halides Ps−X, where Ps is a pseudohalogen and X is a halogen, or interpseudohalogens Ps 1 −Ps 2, where Ps 1 and Ps 2 are two different pseudohalogens), analogous to the binary interhalogen compounds, are cyanogen halides like cyanogen chloride (Cl−CN), cyanogen bromide (Br ...
Halide minerals contain halides. All these halide anions are colorless. Halides also form covalent bonds, examples being colorless TiF 4, colorless TiCl 4, orange TiBr 4, and brown TiI 4. The heavier members TiCl 4, TiBr 4, TiI 4 can be distilled readily because they are molecular. The outlier is TiF 4, m.p. 284 °C, because it has a polymeric ...
Acyl halides are rather reactive compounds often synthesized to be used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds. For example, an acyl halide can react with: water, to form a carboxylic acid. This hydrolysis is the most heavily exploited reaction for acyl halides as it occurs in the industrial synthesis of acetic acid.
Many alkylating agents can be used instead of alkyl halides. For example, enones and epoxides can be used in presence of protons. The reaction typically employs a strong Lewis acid , such as aluminium chloride as catalyst, to increase the electrophilicity of the alkylating agent.
Alkali metal halides, or alkali halides, are the family of inorganic compounds with the chemical formula MX, where M is an alkali metal and X is a halogen. These compounds are the often commercially significant sources of these metals and halides. The best known of these compounds is sodium chloride, table salt. [1]
Traditionally, alkyl halides are substrates for dehydrohalogenations. The alkyl halide must be able to form an alkene, thus halides having no C–H bond on an adjacent carbon are not suitable substrates. Aryl halides are also unsuitable. Upon treatment with strong base, chlorobenzene dehydrohalogenates to give phenol via a benzyne intermediate.