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Kerria lacca is a species of insect in the family Kerriidae, the lac insects. These are in the superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects. This species is perhaps the most commercially important lac insect, being a main source of lac, a resin which can be refined into shellac and other products. [1] This insect is native to Asia. [2]
Kerriidae is a family of scale insects, commonly known as lac insects or lac scales.Some members of the genera Metatachardia, Tachardiella, Austrotacharidia, Afrotachardina, Tachardina, and Kerria are raised for commercial purposes, though the most commonly cultivated species is Kerria lacca.
The word lac is derived from the Sanskrit word lākshā '(लाक्षा) representing the number 100 thousand, which was used for both the lac insect (because of their enormous number) and the scarlet resinous secretion it produces that was used as wood finish, lacquerware, skin cosmetic, ornaments and dye for wool and silk in ancient India and neighbouring areas.
These glands occur on leaf parts modified as insect-trapping structures. In the sundews ( Drosera ) the traps bear stalked glands, called tentacles. When an insect lights on the leaf, the tentacles bend down and cover the victim with a mucilaginous secretion, the enzymes of which digest the insect. See insectivorous plants.
From left to right, the above are general structures of β-lactam, a γ-lactam, a δ-lactam, and ε-lactam. Their common names are β-propiolactam, γ-butyrolactam, δ-valerolactam, and ε-caprolactam. A lactam is a cyclic amide, formally derived from an amino alkanoic acid through cyclization reactions.
Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs , leaf bugs , and grass bugs . It is the largest family of true bugs belonging to the suborder Heteroptera ; it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly.
Following foraging, fungal pathogens can enter the wound tissues more readily and cause die-back of shoots and is the primary cause of inflorescence blight. [9] Even though fungal blight is a common occurrence in various plants, the wounds caused by H. antonii in plant tissues exacerbates and accelerates its effects. [9]
The stylets are needle-like projections used to penetrate plant and animal tissues. The stylets and the feeding tube form the modified mandibles, maxilla, and hypopharynx. [24] Mandibulate mouthparts, among the most common in insects, are used for biting and grinding solid foods.