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While the heritability is very high, no specific genes have been conclusively associated with bipolar, and a number of hypotheses have been posited to explain this fact. "The polygenic common rare variant" hypothesis suggests that a large number of risk conferring genes are carried in a population, and that a disease manifests when a person has ...
High heritability of a trait, consequently, does not necessarily mean that the trait is not very susceptible to environmental influences. [8] Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or how heritability itself is measured in the population under study. [9]
A high heritability of a trait does not mean that environmental effects such as learning are not involved. Vocabulary size, for example, is very substantially heritable (and highly correlated with general intelligence) although every word in an individual's vocabulary is learned.
The heritability of autism is the proportion of differences in expression of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis.
[1] [13] Evidence so far still suggests a strong genetic component, with one of the largest and most recent studies estimating the heritability at 83%. [14] Many of the non-autistic co-twins had learning or social disabilities. For adult siblings the risk for having one or more features of the broader autism phenotype might be as high as 30%. [15]
The United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends use for children only in severe cases, though for adults medication is a first-line treatment. [311] Conversely, most United States guidelines recommend medications in most age groups. [312] Medications are especially not recommended for preschool children.
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning impairing symptoms must have been present in childhood, except for when ADHD occurs after traumatic brain injury.
When behavioural genetics researchers say that a behaviour is X% heritable, that does not mean that genetics causes, determines, or fixes up to X% of the behaviour. Instead, heritability is a statement about genetic differences correlated with trait differences on the population level. [citation needed]