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High heritability of a trait, consequently, does not necessarily mean that the trait is not very susceptible to environmental influences. [8] Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or how heritability itself is measured in the population under study. [9]
A study on a large group of children found more than 60% heritability for callous-unemotional traits and that conduct problems among children with these traits had a higher heritability than among children without these traits. [13] [14] The study also found slight sex differences (boys 64%, girls 49%) in the affective-interpersonal factor. [14]
A high heritability of a trait does not mean that environmental effects such as learning are not involved. Vocabulary size, for example, is very substantially heritable (and highly correlated with general intelligence) although every word in an individual's vocabulary is learned.
[1] [13] Evidence so far still suggests a strong genetic component, with one of the largest and most recent studies estimating the heritability at 83%. [14] Many of the non-autistic co-twins had learning or social disabilities. For adult siblings the risk for having one or more features of the broader autism phenotype might be as high as 30%. [15]
The heritability of autism is the proportion of differences in expression of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis.
While the heritability is very high, no specific genes have been conclusively associated with bipolar, and a number of hypotheses have been posited to explain this fact. "The polygenic common rare variant" hypothesis suggests that a large number of risk conferring genes are carried in a population, and that a disease manifests when a person has ...
Schizophrenia has been considered an evolutionary puzzle due to the combination of high aggregate heritability, relatively high prevalence (~1%), and reduced reproductive success. One explanation could be increased reproductive success by close relatives without symptoms but this explanation seems unlikely.
The United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends use for children only in severe cases, though for adults medication is a first-line treatment. [312] Conversely, most United States guidelines recommend medications in most age groups. [313] Medications are especially not recommended for preschool children.