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Romans 3 is the third chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was composed by Paul the Apostle , while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius , who added his own greeting in Romans 16:22 .
The practice was revived by Marcus Licinius Crassus in 71 BC during the Third Servile War against Spartacus, and some historical sources attribute part of Crassus' success to it. The total number of men killed through decimation is not known, but it varied on occasion between 1,000 from 10,000 men and 48–50 from a cohort of around 500 men.
Some religions were banned for political reasons rather than dogmatic zeal, [2] and other rites which involved human sacrifice were banned. [ 3 ] When Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire , it came to accept that it was the Roman emperor 's duty to use secular power to enforce religious unity.
A. N. Sherwin-White records that serious discussion of the reasons for Roman persecution of Christians began in 1890 when it produced "20 years of controversy" and three main opinions: first, there was the theory held by most French and Belgian scholars that "there was a general enactment, precisely formulated and valid for the whole empire, which forbade the practice of the Christian religion.
Lists of "missing" verses and phrases go back to the Revised Version [2] and to the Revised Standard Version, [3] [4] without waiting for the appearance of the NIV (1973). Some of these lists of "missing verses" specifically mention "sixteen verses" – although the lists are not all the same. [5] [better source needed]
As civil rights for plebeians increased during the middle and late Roman Republic, many plebeian families had attained wealth and power while some traditionally patrician families had fallen into poverty and obscurity. Regardless of how rich a plebeian family became, they would not rise to be included in the ranks of the patricians. [2]
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Once, virtus meant primarily that a man was a brave warrior, but it came also to mean that he was a good man, someone who did the right thing. During the time of the decline of the Roman elite, the Roman upper class no longer thought of themselves as unmanly if they did not serve in the military. [3]