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The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva (which is a thin layer covering the sclera), those in the episclera render the inflamed eye bright red. [6] In many vertebrates, the sclera is reinforced with plates of cartilage or bone, together forming a circular structure called the sclerotic ring.
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. [2] [6] [8] The disease can be either localized to the skin or involve other organs, as well. [2]
An area termed the limbus connects the cornea and sclera. The iris is the pigmented circular structure concentrically surrounding the centre of the eye, the pupil, which appears to be black. The size of the pupil, which controls the amount of light entering the eye, is adjusted by the iris' dilator and sphincter muscles .
A red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury.It is usually injection and prominence of the superficial blood vessels of the conjunctiva, which may be caused by disorders of these or adjacent structures.
Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata ] The globe of the eye , or bulbus oculi , is the frontmost sensory organ of the human ocular system , going from the cornea at the front, to the anterior part of the optic nerve at the back.
The medical term is icterus, from the Greek word ikteros. [62] The term icterus is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to jaundice specifically of sclera. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] It is also referenced in the scientific name of the yellow-breasted chat ( Icteria virens ), whose sight was believed to cure jaundice.
The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera (the white of the eye). [1] It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule. [1]A vascular plexus is found between the bulbar conjunctiva and the sclera consisting of two layers of vessels, the superficial episcleral vessels and the deep episcleral vessels.