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Without loss of generality, it can be assumed that f is a non-negative jump function defined on the compact [a, b], with discontinuities only in (a, b). Note that an open set U of ( a , b ) is canonically the disjoint union of at most countably many open intervals I m ; that allows the total length to be computed ℓ( U )= Σ ℓ( I m ).
In calculus, a function defined on a subset of the real numbers with real values is called monotonic if it is either entirely non-decreasing, or entirely non-increasing. [2] That is, as per Fig. 1, a function that increases monotonically does not exclusively have to increase, it simply must not decrease.
If is a compact topological space, and () is a monotonically increasing sequence (meaning () + for all and ) of continuous real-valued functions on which converges pointwise to a continuous function :, then the convergence is uniform.
If a sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence. This is a special case of the more general notion of a monotonic function. The terms nondecreasing and nonincreasing are often used in place of increasing and decreasing in order to avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing ...
The first-derivative test depends on the "increasing–decreasing test", which is itself ultimately a consequence of the mean value theorem. It is a direct consequence of the way the derivative is defined and its connection to decrease and increase of a function locally, combined with the previous section.
The theorem states that if you have an infinite matrix of non-negative real numbers , such that the rows are weakly increasing and each is bounded , where the bounds are summable < then, for each column, the non decreasing column sums , are bounded hence convergent, and the limit of the column sums is equal to the sum of the "limit column ...
In equations, the PDF is specified as f T. If time can only take discrete values (such as 1 day, 2 days, and so on), the distribution of failure times is called the probability mass function. Most survival analysis methods assume that time can take any positive value, and f T is the PDF.
A chain in this partial order is a monotonically increasing subsequence, and an antichain is a monotonically decreasing subsequence. By Mirsky's theorem, either there is a chain of length r , or the sequence can be partitioned into at most r − 1 antichains; but in that case the largest of the antichains must form a decreasing subsequence with ...