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For example, the set of real numbers consisting of 0, 1, and all numbers in between is an interval, denoted [0, 1] and called the unit interval; the set of all positive real numbers is an interval, denoted (0, ∞); the set of all real numbers is an interval, denoted (−∞, ∞); and any single real number a is an interval, denoted [a, a].
The main objective of interval arithmetic is to provide a simple way of calculating upper and lower bounds of a function's range in one or more variables. These endpoints are not necessarily the true supremum or infimum of a range since the precise calculation of those values can be difficult or impossible; the bounds only need to contain the function's range as a subset.
If α is the zero function and u is non-negative, then Grönwall's inequality implies that u is the zero function. The integrability of u with respect to μ is essential for the result. For a counterexample, let μ denote Lebesgue measure on the unit interval [0, 1], define u(0) = 0 and u(t) = 1/t for t ∈ (0, 1], and let α be the zero function.
Instead, the inequalities must be solved independently, yielding x < 1 / 2 and x ≥ −1 respectively, which can be combined into the final solution −1 ≤ x < 1 / 2 . Occasionally, chained notation is used with inequalities in different directions, in which case the meaning is the logical conjunction of the inequalities ...
The solution set of a given set of equations or inequalities is the set of all its solutions, a solution being a tuple of values, one for each unknown, that satisfies all the equations or inequalities. If the solution set is empty, then there are no values of the unknowns that satisfy simultaneously all equations and inequalities.
In mathematics, Chebyshev's sum inequality, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, states that if ...
The notation is also used to denote the characteristic function in convex analysis, which is defined as if using the reciprocal of the standard definition of the indicator function. A related concept in statistics is that of a dummy variable .
The reverse inequality follows from the same argument as the standard Minkowski, but uses that Holder's inequality is also reversed in this range. Using the Reverse Minkowski, we may prove that power means with p ≤ 1 , {\textstyle p\leq 1,} such as the harmonic mean and the geometric mean are concave.