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According to the SKL, Uruk was founded by the king Enmerkar. Though the king-list mentions a father before him, the epic Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta relates that Enmerkar constructed the House of Heaven (Sumerian: eā-anna; cuneiform: šš Eā.AN) for the goddess Inanna in the Eanna District of Uruk.
The Uruk period (c. 4000 to 3100 BC; also known as Protoliterate period) existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, after the Ubaid period and before the Jemdet Nasr period. [1]
The tradition of Enmerkar as the founder of Uruk seems to date from the Jemdet Nasr period (3100-2900 BC) as found in the Ad-gi4 list.The lexical list mentions Enmerkar and his wife Enmerkarzi as the builders of a town and the bringers of agriculture.
Late Uruk Period: Historicity doubted, thought to be an addition by the Ur III period. [38] "Mesh-ki-ang-gasher entered the sea and disappeared." Enmerkar "the son of Mesh-ki-ang-gasher, the king of Unug, who built Unug (Uruk)" 420 years: Late Uruk Period: Lugalbanda "the shepherd" 1,200 years: Late Uruk Period: Historicity is uncertain among ...
Sumerian dignitary, Uruk, circa 3300-3000 BCE. National Museum of Iraq. [3] [4] Fragment of a Bull Figurine from Uruk, c. 3000 BCEVotive sculptures in the form of small animal figurines have been found at Uruk, using a style mixing naturalistic and abstract elements in order to capture the spiritual essence of the animal, rather than depicting an entirely anatomically accurate figure.
Over a thousand Beveled rim bowls, diagnostic of the Uruk Culture were found with about 160 being intact. They were found associated with ovens. They were found associated with ovens. About two dozen clay sealings (made with cylinder seals and stamp seals) were found, on door seals, jar stoppers, and clay bullae.
Eventually the Guti were overthrown by Utu-hengal of Uruk, and the various city-states again vied for power. Power over the area finally went to the city-state of Ur, when Ur-Nammu founded the Ur III Empire (2112–2004 BC) and conquered the Sumerian region.
Another major polity is Uruk (founded circa 5000 BC), experiences a rapid increase in dominance, establishing itself beyond merely a regional power circa 4500 BC with the Eanna quarter or district first constructed. Uruk in its climb for dominance would go on to construct the Anu Ziggurat circa 4000 BC.