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  2. Falling and rising factorials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_and_rising_factorials

    [6] [7] When is a positive integer, () gives the number of n-permutations (sequences of distinct elements) from an x-element set, or equivalently the number of injective functions from a set of size to a set of size .

  3. Composite number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_number

    If none of its prime factors are repeated, it is called squarefree. (All prime numbers and 1 are squarefree.) For example, 72 = 2 3 × 3 2, all the prime factors are repeated, so 72 is a powerful number. 42 = 2 × 3 × 7, none of the prime factors are repeated, so 42 is squarefree. Euler diagram of numbers under 100:

  4. Heapsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort

    The examples sort the values { 6, 5, 3, 1, 8, 7, 2, 4 } in increasing order using both heap-construction algorithms. The elements being compared are shown in a bold font. There are typically two when sifting up, and three when sifting down, although there may be fewer when the top or bottom of the tree is reached.

  5. Catalan number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_number

    The associahedron of order 4 with the C 4 =14 full binary trees with 5 leaves. C n is the number of non-isomorphic ordered (or plane) trees with n + 1 vertices. [7] See encoding general trees as binary trees. For example, C n is the number of possible parse trees for a sentence (assuming binary branching), in natural language processing.

  6. Order (group theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(group_theory)

    For example, in the case of S 3, φ(3) = 2, and we have exactly two elements of order 3. The theorem provides no useful information about elements of order 2, because φ(2) = 1, and is only of limited utility for composite d such as d = 6, since φ(6) = 2, and there are zero elements of order 6 in S 3.

  7. The 9 Best Sale Items at Costco Right Now - AOL

    www.aol.com/9-best-sale-items-costco-200246923.html

    $5.50 off each 24-pack of 16.9-ounce bottles. If you're tackling Dry January, San Pellegrino sparkling mineral water is a great way to mix things up. The 24-pack of 16.9-ounce bottles is $5.50 off ...

  8. Government shutdown odds are rising. Economic experts aren’t ...

    www.aol.com/finance/government-shutdown-odds...

    Other stoppages have been much shorter, with economic analyses after the fact often showing that the lost money is then returned to the US economy in nearly equal measure after the government reopens.

  9. Euler's totient function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_totient_function

    The first thousand values of φ(n).The points on the top line represent φ(p) when p is a prime number, which is p − 1. [1]In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer n that are relatively prime to n.