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from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), [9] commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is the official language of India alongside English and the lingua franca of North India.
The official languages of British India before independence were English, Standard Urdu and later Modern Standard Hindi, with English being used for purposes at the central level. [7] The origins of official Hindi usage traces back to the late 19th century.
The official languages of British India were English, Urdu and later Hindi, with English being used for purposes at the central level. [2] The Indian constitution adopted in 1950 envisaged that English would be phased out in favour of Hindi, over a fifteen-year period, but gave Parliament the power to, by law, provide for the continued use of English even thereafter. [3]
It later developed a literary tradition under the patronage of the Deccan Sultanates. Deccani itself came to influence modern standard Urdu and later Hindi. [7] [11] The official language of the Deccan Sultanates was Persian, and due to this, Deccani has had an influence from the Persian language.
Nāgarī is an adjective derived from nagara , a Sanskrit word meaning "town" or "city", and literally means "urban" or "urbane". [21] The word Nāgarī (implicitly modifying lipi , "script") was used on its own to refer to a North Indian script, or perhaps a number of such scripts, as Al-Biruni attests in the 11th century; the form ...
The term Old Hindi is a retrospectively coined term, to indicate the ancestor language of Modern Standard Hindi, which is an official language of India.The term Hindi literally means Indian in Classical Persian, and was also called Hindustani to denote that it was the language of Hindustan's capital during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.
In later and modern scholarly usage, the term refers to tradition, memory, as well as a vast post-Vedic canon of "tradition that is remembered". [8] [10] David Brick states that the original meaning of smriti was simply tradition, and not texts. [11]