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An earlier attempt to enfranchise women had been rejected by California voters in 1896, [2] but in 1911 California became the sixth U.S. state to adopt the reform. [3] Nine years later in 1920, women's suffrage was constitutionally recognized at the federal level by the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This amendment prohibited ...
Proposition 4 (1911) Passed: Granting women the constitutional right to vote in California. Proposition 7 (1911) Passed: Establishing the constitutional direct democracy powers of initiative and referendum in California. Proposition 8 (1911) Passed: Establishing the constitutional direct democracy power of recall in California. Proposition 14 ...
Many suffragists remained politically active through the new California Civic League. [33] When proposition 4 was passed, Alice Stone Blackwell stated California was, "the greatest single advance that the suffrage movement in America has yet made." [6] 1912: Ty Leung was the first Chinese-American woman to vote. [34]
The initiative and optional (or facultative) referendum were introduced as Progressive Era reforms in 1911, by a constitutional amendment called Proposition 7. [1] According to the Initiative & Referendum Institute at USC , Gov. Hiram Johnson supported the creation of this process to balance the power that corporations, specifically Southern ...
Voters in California approved initiatives, referendums and recall by overwhelming majorities, and women's suffrage by a slight majority. Initiatives were approved 168,744 to 52,093; recall by 178,115 to 53,755. [30] California was the 10th state to enact initiative and referendum — South Dakota had been the first, in 1898. [citation needed]
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[3] [4] California did not reach a "normal" male to female ratio of about one to one until the 1950 census. California for over a century was short on females. The 1900 census showed emigrations down to "only" a 20% growth rate. The early 1900s showed a massive population increase of over 60% between 1900 and 1910.
April 13 – Mexican Revolution: Rebels take Agua Prieta on the Sonora–Arizona border; government troops take the town back April 17 when the rebel leader "Red" López is drunk. April 17 – Southern Methodist University is chartered in Dallas, Texas.