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2. Root certificate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate

   The role of root certificate as in the chain of trust. In cryptography and computer security, a root certificate is a public key certificate that identifies a root certificate authority (CA). [1] Root certificates are self-signed (and it is possible for a certificate to have multiple trust paths, say if the certificate was issued by a root that ...

3. CAcert.org - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAcert.org

   CAcert.org is a community-driven certificate authority that issues free X.509 public key certificates. [1] CAcert.org relies heavily on automation and therefore issues only Domain-validated certificates (and not Extended validation or Organization Validation certificates).

4. Let's Encrypt - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let's_Encrypt

   US$3.6 million[1] Staff (2023) 27 [2] Website. letsencrypt.org. Let's Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority run by Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption at no charge. It is the world's largest certificate authority, [3] used by more than 300 million ...

5. Public key infrastructure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure

   Currently the majority of web browsers are shipped with pre-installed intermediate certificates issued and signed by a certificate authority, by public keys certified by so-called root certificates. This means browsers need to carry a large number of different certificate providers, increasing the risk of a key compromise.

6. Certificate authority - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority

   Certificate authority. In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that stores, signs, and issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions ...

7. Certificate revocation list - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_revocation_list

   In cryptography, a certificate revocation list (CRL) is "a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing certificate authority (CA) before their scheduled expiration date and should no longer be trusted". [1]